Understanding Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM): More Than a Thickened Heart

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a genetic condition affecting how the heart muscle is structured. The muscle walls, particularly the left ventricle (the main pumping chamber), become abnormally thickened. This thickening impacts how the heart functions and can lead to various complications.

It's in the Genes

HCM is hereditary, passed down through families. If one parent carries the gene change that causes HCM, there's a 50% chance each of their children will inherit it.

Who Does HCM Affect?

HCM is surprisingly common, affecting up to 1 in 200 people. People of any age can be diagnosed, but it often shows up in teenagers or young adults. Men and women are affected equally.

What Happens in HCM?

The thickened heart muscle in HCM has several effects:

• Obstructed Blood Flow: The thickened muscle can partially block blood flowing out of the heart, forcing it to work harder.
• Stiffness: The heart muscle becomes less flexible, making it harder to fill efficiently.
• Electrical Issues: HCM can disrupt the heart's electrical system, potentially leading to dangerous arrhythmias (abnormal rhythms).

The Wide Range of Symptoms

Some people with HCM experience no symptoms and live completely normal lives. For others, symptoms can include:

• Shortness of breath, especially with activity
• Chest pain
• Dizziness or fainting
• Heart palpitations (feeling like your heart is racing or skipping beats)
• Fatigue

Why Diagnosis Matters

HCM can unfortunately lead to sudden cardiac death in young people, especially athletes. However, with early diagnosis and proper management, most people with HCM can live long and healthy lives.

How is HCM Diagnosed?

• Echocardiogram: An ultrasound of the heart is the primary test to look for the characteristic thickening and assess how well the heart is functioning.
• Other Tests: Your doctor might recommend an EKG, cardiac MRI, stress test, or genetic testing in some cases.

Treatment: A Personalized Approach

Treatment for HCM aims to manage symptoms and reduce the risk of complications:

• Medications: Beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, or other medications can help relax the heart, improve blood flow, and control heart rate.
• Septal Reduction Therapy: In cases of severe outflow obstruction, procedures to reduce the thickened muscle, like surgery (myectomy) or alcohol septal ablation, may be considered.
• Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD): This device can detect dangerous rhythms and deliver a shock to save lives, recommended for those at high risk of sudden cardiac death.

Living Well with HCM

• Lifestyle adjustments: Moderate exercise as advised by your doctor, a healthy diet, and stress management are beneficial.
• Avoid Dehydration: Staying well hydrated is important for maintaining optimal blood flow.
• Regular Follow-up: Monitoring your heart health with a cardiologist is essential.

Key Takeaways

• HCM is a genetic heart condition, often without symptoms.
• Early diagnosis allows for proper management and greatly reduces risks.
• Most people with HCM can live full, active lives with the right treatment and care.

Important: If you have a family history of HCM or experience concerning symptoms, please talk to your doctor.

Disclaimer: This blog post is for informational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult your doctor for any health concerns or treatment options.

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