SCAD: Understanding a Heart Attack That's Different

Imagine a tear inside one of your heart's arteries. This is not the typical heart attack caused by plaque buildup but something called SCAD – Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection. While rare, it's an important heart attack cause, especially in younger people and women.

What Happens in SCAD?

A tear forms in the inner lining of a coronary artery, creating a flap of tissue or allowing blood to pool within the artery wall. This can block blood flow to the heart, mimicking a traditional heart attack.

Why Does SCAD Happen?

The exact cause is often unclear, but here are some factors linked to SCAD:

• Female Sex: Women account for up to 90% of cases.
• Pregnancy: Hormonal changes and strain on blood vessels may increase risk, especially in the postpartum period.
• Connective Tissue Disorders: People with underlying conditions like fibromuscular dysplasia are more prone to SCAD.
• Extreme Stress: Both physical (intense exercise) and emotional stress have been associated.

Symptoms: Not Your Typical Heart Attack

While chest pain is common, SCAD symptoms can differ from traditional heart attacks:

• Sudden, severe chest pain that might radiate to arms, back, neck, or jaw
• Shortness of breath
• Lightheadedness, nausea, or vomiting
• Unexplained fatigue or a sense of doom

Don't Ignore the Signs!

SCAD is a medical emergency. If you experience sudden, severe chest pain, especially if you fit the common risk profile, get immediate medical attention.

Diagnosis & Treatment: A Tailored Approach

• Angiogram: This specialized X-ray shows blood flow within the arteries and is the best way to diagnose SCAD.
• Other Tests: Echocardiogram, CT scan, or cardiac MRI might also be used.

Treatment depends on the severity and location of the SCAD:

• Conservative Management: Often, SCAD heals on its own. Medications, rest, and close monitoring are key.
• Stenting/Angioplasty: To widen a narrowed artery and ensure blood flow.
• Bypass Surgery: Rarely needed, but reserved for severe blockages or tears that don't heal.

Living After SCAD: What to Expect

Most SCAD survivors recover well. However, it's important to:

• Manage Risk factors: Control blood pressure, cholesterol, and stress.
• Cardiac Rehabilitation: A monitored exercise program helps regain strength and heart health.
• Emotional Support: The unexpected diagnosis can be emotionally taxing; support groups can help.
• Follow-up Care: Regular checkups with your cardiologist are crucial.

The Key Message

SCAD is a serious but treatable heart condition. Here's the takeaway:

• Know the risk factors, particularly if you're a woman.
• Recognize the potential SCAD symptoms, even if they differ from a traditional heart attack.
• Early intervention can make a significant difference in long-term outcomes.

Disclaimer: This blog is for informational purposes only and should not replace professional medical advice. Consult your doctor regarding any health concerns or treatment options.

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